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Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body. Of the two to three pounds of calcium contained in the average body, 99% is located in the bones and teeth. Calcium is needed to form bones and teeth and is also required for blood clotting, transmission of signals in nerve cells, and muscle contraction. The importance of calcium for preventing osteoporosis is probably its most well-known role. By reducing absorption of oxalate, a substance found in many foods, calcium may be able to indirectly reduce the risk of kidney stones. However, people with a history of kidney stones must talk with a doctor before supplementing calcium, because such supplementation might actually increase the risk of forming stones for the small number of people who absorb too much calcium. Calcium also appears to partially bind some fats and cholesterol in the gastrointestinal tract. Perhaps as a result, some older research suggests that calcium supplementation may help lower cholesterol levels.